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Shadow Puppetry
中国皮影戏是一种古老的民间艺术，管理内容特点是在半透明的幕布后操纵皮影，从幕后投射光线形成动态影子。它富含叙事性和文化传承。
Chinese shadow puppetry, an ancient folk art, features puppets manipulated behind a translucent screen, illuminated from behind to create dynamic shadows. It's rich in storytelling and cultural heritage.
一、简要介绍
中国民间传统戏曲形式之一，傀儡戏的一种，又称“灯影戏”。艺人将驴皮或牛皮、羊皮、纸板雕镂做成各种人物形象和布景、道具。皮影人物一般高一尺左右，身有若干关节，根据动作需要安装有三五根操纵细杆。演出时，通过灯光照射，将皮影人物投影到帷幕上，艺人在幕后边操纵边唱念，“一口述说千古事，双手对打百万兵”，表演民众喜爱的神话传说、历史演义的剧目。
A traditional form of theatre in China using colorful silhouette figures made from leather or paper and accompanied by music and singing.The puppet figures are about thirty centimeters tall and have many movable joints.Manipulated by puppeteers using rods, the figures create the illusion of moving images illuminated from behind onto a translucent cloth screen. Shadow puppet shows depict popular myths and historical stories. Typically to begin the show, the puppeteers will chant,“A shadow play performer operates millions of soldiers and tells age-old stories with the use of only two hands.”
二、皮影戏的起源
古时一位君王因爱妃去世思念成疾。大臣用布制成妃子的形象放在幕布后面，请君王观看。这就是皮影的起源。皮影是用灯光照射人物剪影，配合音乐唱腔表演生动有趣的故事。它是出现最早的由人配音的活动影画艺术；皮影多用驴皮制作，在上面描绘图案，用线连缀而成，以竹棍操作；表演时活动自如。皮影动画用皮影戏的方法演绎现代故事，让皮影在世界各地流传。皮影演绎的不仅是幕布中精彩的故事，更是幕布外的中国民间文化。
A long time ago a monarch missed his deceased concubine so much, he got sick. His ministers reproduced the image of the concubine with cloth and put it behind a screen. The monarch could see the shadow of his concubine on the screen. This was the origin of the shadow puppet (pi ying). Pi ying represents interesting stories with lively songs and shadows produced by lights. It is the earliest animated technique in the world. The images are always made of patterned donkey leather sewn with thread. The bodily movements and facial expressions of the puppets are created by bamboo sticks. Pi ying tells stories with traditional methods and is popular all over the world. It features not only interesting stories but also Chinese folk art.
三、皮影戏的发展和流派
皮影戏始于西汉时期，兴于唐代，在宋代成熟和盛行，元代传至西亚和欧洲，到清代呈现全国流行的繁荣局面。在电影电视没有普及的时代，皮影戏深受中国各地民众欢迎， 在长期演化过程中形成了不同的艺术流派。
Shadow Puppetry dates back to the Western Han Dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.25). It flourished during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), matured and gained popularity during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), and spread to Western Asia and Europe during the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368). By the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911) it had become a popular art form throughout the country. Over time, it evolved into different artistic schools. Shadow Puppetry retained its popularity before the advent of film and television.
皮影戏在中国拥有众多流派，每个流派都拥有独特的表演风格、传统剧目以及深厚的地域文化影响。这些流派历经数百年发展，体现了中国不同地区丰富多彩的传统、历史和艺术表达。
Shadow puppetry has various schools across China, each with its unique performance style, traditional repertory, and deep-rooted local cultural influences. These schools have developed over centuries, reflecting the diverse traditions, histories, and artistic expressions of different regions.
四、总结
皮影戏不仅在中国深受欢迎，还传播到了世界各地，成为了解中国文化的一扇窗口。如今，皮影戏已被列为非物质文化遗产，得到了更多的保护和传承。
Shadow puppetry is not only popular in China but has also spread worldwide, becoming a window to understand Chinese culture. Today, shadow puppetry has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage and has received more protection and inheritance.
来源：《你好，中国》
